The Case Study of “Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese...

The Case Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry† Una Hu 1 Why is the profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers relatively poor and their scale relatively small? According to the case, ‘stagnation in sales along with the steady increase of costs over time has reduced the profitability of both large chains and small stores’ (Peng 2009, p. 391). There are several reasons that results in the relatively poor profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers and their small scale. Firstly, the Saihan system, i.e. Resale Price Maintenance, is the most important factor. The system’s price-fixing policy rules out the price competition (Peng 2009, p. 390), which would be a normal competitive†¦show more content†¦387-395). The large number of bookstores is competing with each other for similar products with similar price. In addition, the Japanese retail bookselling industry has already become an oversaturated market nowadays (Peng 2009, p. 391). Therefore, the rivalry among retail bookstores becomes fairly intense under this circumstance. Also, it is almost certain that potential new entrants can be threatening, owing to the weak competitive power of existing bookstores, to be more specific, their small scale (Peng 2009, pp. 387), i.e. little economies of scale (Peng 2009, p. 37), the lack of uniqueness in their products with similar price (Peng 2009, pp. 390), i.e. shortage of non-scale-based advantages (Peng 2009, p. 37). In addition, the scarcity of entry barriers set by the Japanese government is another factor (Higuchi 2007). ‘Entry barriers are advantages that incumbents have relative to new entrants.’ (Porter 2008) Additionally, the number of publishers and wholesalers is relatively small compared with the bookstores. Therefore, these distributors have high bargaining power, i.e. they have the choice to favor larger book retailers over small ones because of the Consignment Sale System, i.e. they can obtain higher profit due to larger retailer’s lower return rate (Peng 2009, pp. 388-389). Moreover,Show MoreRelatedCase Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry†2008 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry† 1. The reasons for the profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers relatively poor and their scale relatively small. One reason for this is that there is no significant industry consolidation has occurred, so there is no dominant bookseller, because there is a unique formal institution which is price-fixing system that makes it illegal for larger and potentially more efficient competitors to use price competition

In The United States All Citizens Have A Guaranteed Right

In the United States all citizens have a guaranteed right to express their thoughts and ideas to a certain extent that is. Under the First Amendment in the Constitution it states that the people have the ability to speak freely. Free speech is a concept that has different variations as to how expansive it should be and can be discussed by four individuals with differing theories on the justification for this right. The four theories are the Utility of Truth by Mill, Democratic Self Government by Alexander Meicklejohn, Individual Self-Realization by Martin Redish, and the Mixed by Thomas Emerson, which all highlight the importance of free speech, but grasp the value of free speech differently. Freedom of speech is one’s ability to express†¦show more content†¦In contrast, under British libel law, she has to prove that what she said was true† (Lecture 8.1). In other terms, countries differ on free speech laws and Mill’s argument of truth being the foremost value holds contrasting views across the world. The truth of one’s speech matters a great deal and whether an individual has to prove either what was said was true or false impacts the lives of others. However, Mill believes that whether or not the speech is true, opinions should not be silenced, ever. Mill additionally views that without contestation of the truth, character and conduct will not have the same result and as human beings we will take the truth as prejudice. In other terms, if individuals speech is being restricted, limited, and not being heard then the respect for other persons opinions will not matter as much and as will the truth. Alexander Meicklejohn’s theory on freedom of speech is Democratic Self Government where the people are a democracy who governs them. This type of system can only work if the people come together as a community and have a knowledgeable electorate, â€Å"as the self-governing community seeks, the method of voting to gain wisdom in action, it can find it only in the minds of its individual citizens. If they fail, it fails. That is why freedom of discussion for those minds may notShow MoreRelatedThe Progression of Civil Rights in the USA Essay657 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil rights are the rights guaranteed to the citizens of the specified location. When looking back at our history our civil rights have changed our life forever. Our civil rights were first introduced in 1787 as our Constitution. The Constitution states that any citizen is guaranteed the right to freedom of speech, of religion, and of press, and the rights to due process of law and to equal prot ection under the law. Civil Rights Acts and Movements helped define all of the civil rights but mainlyRead MoreThe Trial : A Citizen With No Constitutional Rights907 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel The Trial identifies a citizen with no constitutional rights. The government of his country was weak and oppressive. Joseph K the protagonist in the novel struggled with depression, loneliness, frustration and anxiety after his arrest and trying to deal with the coming interrogations, court sessions and a lengthy trial. Citizens in the United States of America with a democratic government, constitutional rights are guaranteed under the United States Constitution, which is the Supreme LawRead MoreImportant Cases of the Us Supreme Court799 Words   |  4 PagesCourt The United States Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional guarantees contained in amendments to the constitution. Among these Guaranteed rights are the freedoms of religion, speech, and press, along with the right of protection against illegal search and seizure, equal protection under the law, and the right to counsel. These rights all contained in the first amendment to the constitution are arguably the most important rights guaranteed to citizens of the United States. HoweverRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1479 Words   |  6 PagesSLO #1 Civil Liberties v Civil Rights Dylan Dang, GOV 2301 In today’s world, a country’s government has a monumental impact on how society functions. Without a balance of power between the government and the people, a country can fall into chaos and disarray. The same can be said for when citizens disagree with the government’s decisions but are silenced, never having a voice. 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According to Dunn, though the type of â€Å"demokracia† occurring in Ancient Athens was ve ry different from the forms of democracy that we see in the world today, all successful democracies share similar fundamentalRead MoreSlavery in the United States649 Words   |  3 PagesAs we all know, slavery has been a big part in the United States history. Being treated as property, African Americans had no rights and dealt with racial discrimination upon generations. But a sign of change started during the final years of the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era when the anti-slavery President Abraham Lincoln, with Congress, debated that African American citizens had the right for individual liberty. When President Andrew Johnson took Lincoln’s place, the Thirteenth AmendmentRead MoreEssay on Freedom In America889 Words   |  4 Pages America is the universal symbol of freedom. But is it really free? Does the history of the United States stay true to the ideas of our forefathers? Or has the definition been altered to fit American policies? Has freedom defined A merica? Or has America defined freedom? I believe America was at first defined by freedom, then after time, America defined freedom, altering the definition to fit the niche it fits in, but still keeping key components so it still seems to be staying true to theRead MoreThe Role Of The Supreme Court Plays On The Policymaking Process Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint. Explain 5 Amendments in the Bill of Rights. How does a society balance possible contradictions and inconsistencies with respect to national security, and the rights of the individual? Discuss some of the conflicts, issues and problems that arose during the Civil Right s movement in the 1950 s and 1960 s, as well as current Civil Rights issues. The Supreme Court is the highest level of the federal court system. It consists of nine justices

Development of a Food Safety Product-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Food Safety audit to determine requirements for a Food Safety Program. Answer: Introduction: Food safety program refers to the written document that indicate the way in which the business or the workplace will control food safety hazards. This is associated with the activities of the food handling of the business. Food safety program is important because it is related with the health of the human being. In the assessment, the discussion has focused on the potential food safety hazards and the critical way to control those hazards. It is necessary to control those hazards and for this purpose, the necessary changes are discussed. For the assessment, 97 Smith Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne is selected to discuss the context of the assessment. Mr. Wows Emporium was established in 1912. They facilitate the operational food preparation area, the commercial kitchen and commercial training kitchen. Figure 1: Logo of Mr. Wow Emporium (Source: Mr Wow's. 2012) Nature and type of the workplace: Mr. Wow Emporium is one of the oldest and famous bar and dining restaurant at Melbourne in Australia. They offer various types of foods to their customers. The atmosphere of the place is very attractive that attract the customers. Moreover, the behavior and the servicing of the staffs are very nice that privies satisfaction to the customers. The place is very clean and well ventilated. They offer different types of cocktails to their customers. The ambiance of the palace is very amusing. They are mainly famous for the variety of their cocktails. They offer their customers variety of fun items such as music, dancing, games like ping- pong table, bocce, and pool table. They have separated the smoking zone so that it cannot disturb the non- smoking people (Mr Wow's. 2012). They try to maintain the hygiene so that it cannot harm their customers as well as the staffs. People like the place to relax and reduce their stress. The fireplace and the couches are relaxing that are specially made for their customers, who want to spend quality time with their partners and friends (Mr Wow's. 2012). Moreover, they plan parties and occasions on the basis of the demands of the customers. Potential food safety hazards: Food safety hazards are of three types that are biological, chemical, and physical hazards. Food safety hazards occur at the time of harvesting, transporting, processing, preparing, and or at the time of storing (Gil et al. 2015). This also can occur at the time of food supply. The biological hazards include the hazards that are caused by the microbes like bacteria, virus, and other microorganisms. Food can be contaminated by the attack of the microorganisms. This can occur by various mediums for example, air, soil, water, food, and human body. These food safety hazards cause the food borne diseases, allergies, and food borne illness. On the other hand, the chemical hazards may occur at the time of harvesting, preparation, storage, and servicing. At the time of harvesting, pesticides can be used that contain various chemicals. These chemicals can cause of the harmful food borne illness. The chemical hazards can cause at the time of sanitization and cleaning if the equipments, which a re used for the cooking and serving (Wu et al. 2017). Adams (2016) mentioned that the chemical may come in direct with the foods, which can contaminate the food and as a result the food borne illness may occur. The chemical contamination can occur via the garbage can and make the food acetic. At the time of food serving, the food should not be presented on the lead glazes that are harmful for the health. To maintain the freshness of the foods, chemical are used. The percentage of chemical should be maintained otherwise, it could contaminate the food. Physical hazards occur while the food is handled poorly or any accidental contamination occurs. Physical hazards include the human hair, spit, nail, piece of metals, jewelry, silvers of glass, stones, toothpicks, dirt, feather of animals, and presence of insects (Van Boxstael et al. 2013). Moreover, the pesticides leave the residues on the fruits and vegetables. The residues may cause of the food borne illness if it is not removed appropriately. Another problem that can caused by the physic al hazards is the allergy, which may result further problems like itchiness, redness of skin, feeling urn on the skin, gastric problem, and other skin problems. Critical control points associated with hazards: The raw foods should not be kept with the cooked foods. . Before cooking, the utensils, raw foods should be cleaned properly. The person, who is cooking the food, needs to wash his or her hands properly and can use gloves to avoid the cross- contamination. The garbage container should be kept at a distance from place of cooking to avoid the biological hazards. The foods should not be present in contaminated utensils and should be washed properly. The person, who is presenting the food, should wear clean gloves before serving the foods (Kirezieva et al. 2015). The people, who have the responsibility to cook and present the foods should wear clean dresses and should clean the place of cooking and utensils so that the contamination can be avoided. Before cooking, the vegetables, other food stuffs and the crockery should be cleaned (Aung and Chang 2014). The kitchen area should be clean and well ventilated. Food needs to be kept appropriate temperature and for a particular time. Chicken should be handled carefully and the cook should be careful about the temperature at which the chicken is kept. . It should be washed properly before the use. Chicken needs to be kept in the lowest temperature as high temperature can spoil the chicken. Raw vegetables should not be kept with the raw and cooked as contamination can occur. It is necessary to control the time and temperature of the food while cooking and storing (Kirezieva et al. 2015). Determination of necessary changes: Mr. Wows Emporium needs to maintain the hygiene while food handling. The food safety hazards can be controlled via various methods. Different foods need to be handled in different way. Chicken should be handled carefully and the cook should be careful about the temperature at which the chicken is kept (Qianqian and Harasawa 2016). The chicken should not be kept in the open vessels and before use, the contamination should be checked. It should be washed properly before the use. Chicken needs to be kept in the lowest temperature as high temperature can spoil the chicken. Raw vegetables should not be kept with the raw and cooked as contamination can occur (Ko 2013). Before use the vegetables, visible signs of contamination needs to be checked and reject the contaminated foods. Fresh vegetables need to be bought from market to use that is free of spoilage signs. According to Brackett et al. (2014), temperature can spoil the quality of foods. Therefore, it is necessary to control the time and temperature of the food while cooking and storing. Necessary controlling steps need to be taken at the time storing the foods. The raw foods should not be kept with the cooked foods. Before cooking, the utensils, raw foods should be cleaned properly. The person, who is cooking the food, needs to wash his or her hands properly and can use gloves to avoid the cross- contamination (Hyde, Hoflund and Pautz 2016). The garbage container should be kept at a distance from place of cooking to avoid the biological hazards. Moreover, the foods should not be present in contaminated utensils and should be washed properly. The person, who is presenting the food, should wear clean gloves before serving the foods. The people, who have the responsibility to cook and present the foods should wear clean dresses and should clean the place of cooking and utensils so that the contamination can be avoided (Gil et al. 2015). Before cooking, the vegetables, other foodstuffs and the crockery should be cleaned. The kitchen area should be clean and well ventila ted. Conclusion: Based on the above discussion, it can be said that food safety program is important because it is related with the health of the human being. It is necessary to control those hazards. Mr. Wows Emporium maintains the hygiene in their place but they need to be aware about the food safety and avoid the food borne illness and food borne disease. food safety hazards cause the food borne diseases, allergies, and food borne illness. At the time of harvesting, pesticides can be used that contain various chemicals. These chemicals can cause of the harmful food borne illness. The chemical contamination can occur via the garbage can and make the food acetic. At the time of food serving, the food should not be presented on the lead glazes that are harmful for the health. The HACCP plan should be maintained for the human wellbeing so that the diseases related to food can be avoided References Adams, T., 2016, August. Justifying the significance of food safety hazards during hazard analysis. InIAFP 2016 Annual Meeting. Iafp. Aung, M.M. and Chang, Y.S., 2014. Traceability in a food supply chain: Safety and quality perspectives.Food control,39, pp.172-184. Brackett, R.E., Ocasio, W., Waters, K., Barach, J. and Wan, J., 2014. Validation and verification: a practical, industry-driven framework developed to support the requirements of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) of 2011.Food Prot. Trends,34, pp.410-425. Gil, M.I., Selma, M.V., Suslow, T., Jacxsens, L., Uyttendaele, M. and Allende, A., 2015. Pre-and postharvest preventive measures and intervention strategies to control microbial food safety hazards of fresh leafy vegetables.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,55(4), pp.453-468. Hyde, R., Hoflund, A.B. and Pautz, M., 2016. One HACCP, Two Approaches: Experiences With and Perceptions of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Food Safety Management Systems in the United States and the EU.Administration Society,48(8), pp.962-987. Kirezieva, K., Luning, P.A., Jacxsens, L., Allende, A., Johannessen, G.S., Tondo, E.C., Rajkovic, A., Uyttendaele, M. and van Boekel, M.A., 2015. Factors affecting the status of food safety management systems in the global fresh produce chain.Food Control,52, pp.85-97. Ko, W.H., 2013. The relationship among food safety knowledge, attitudes and self-reported HACCP practices in restaurant employees.Food control,29(1), pp.192-197. Mr Wow's. 2012.Home. [online] Available at: https://www.mrwowsemporium.com [Accessed 14 Jun. 2017]. Qianqian, G. and Harasawa, H., 2016. Fruit Deep Processing Product Quality and Food Safety Risk Detection Scheme Based on HACCP System.Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Innovation,3(1), pp.13-17. Van Boxstael, S., Habib, I., Jacxsens, L., De Vocht, M., Baert, L., Van de Perre, E., Rajkovic, A., Lopez-Galvez, F., Sampers, I., Spanoghe, P. and De Meulenaer, B., 2013. Food safety issues in fresh produce: bacterial pathogens, viruses and pesticide residues indicated as major concerns by stakeholders in the fresh produce chain.Food Control,32(1), pp.190-197. Wu, S., Ricke, S.C., Schneider, K.R. and Ahn, S., 2017. Food safety hazards associated with ready-to-bake cookie dough and its ingredients.Food Control,73, pp.986-993.

Web Quest of Employee Business

Each person searches for self-realization and strives for self-development and a dream job is all about it. Every day you should feel happy when getting up and going to work because your profession is a significant and inherent part of your life. In this our group seeks any possibilities to fulfill our potential in the sphere of finance management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web Quest of Employee Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We sought to find jobs in various companies to be employed at the most respectable and prestigious ones, such the Olayan Group, NCB, or Goodman Company. We believe that a profession of financial analyst is quite responsible and privilege and we plan to browse the Internet to select the best job where all our skills and abilities could be fulfilled. Individual Statements Muneerahrealizes that it is really difficult to find a good job in Saudi Arabia due to the high unemploym ent rates. She hopes to carry on business in the sphere of traditional cosmetics and sell products online. The company she plans to work for should be the leading one in producing high quality products. Amnah is fond of psychology because she wants to understand human behavior. So far, she dreamt of teaching psychology in King Faisal University in Alhas. But later she decides to select finance as her major to work in bank. She believes that with the help of websites, it is possible to critically evaluate all benefits and drawbacks of working as a banker. Esra strongly believes that Human Resource management is exactly the field where she can fulfill herself. Therefore Human Resource consultant is the best opportunity for revealing her talents because this is a chance for her to meet with new people and analyze specific techniques of organizational development. Therefore, she wants to carry out the webquest to find financial company where she could realize her potential. Fatima seeks to join a big and prestigious organization and dreams of becoming a highly qualified financial analyst. She has chosen this profession because it is closely related to her major and provides people with necessary assistance in making various investment decisions. Some Internet sources were used to research this dream job and to get a clear idea of why the profession of a financial analyst is worth attention and recognition. In particular, we seek to find the company specializing in financial analysis. Fatima Alarbesh is dreaming to get pleasure from her job, but she believes that human resources are the best and post her work in the future. She believes that webquest will help find valuable information about various professions in the sphere of finance. It is also important for Fatima to find herself in a friendly social environment. She also strives to work not only for personal benefit, but for the benefit of other company’s members.Advertising Looking for essay on bu siness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Group Findings We use Google for searching the best companies with such key words as â€Å"financial companies† and â€Å"jobs in finance† and received 404  000  000 and 424  000  000 respectively. Certainly, the result is quite general because it presents various career perspectives all over the world. Due to the fact that is quite difficult to find the appropriate and more specific information, we decided to present the following rubric: Interested Big Companies; Respected KSA Analyze the best known companies; Not Interested Searching for irrelevant job; (not in area of interest) We created this rubric to find six appropriate sites. Due to the fact that our goal is to work in a prestigious company, we have found three websites about opportunities of employment in Saudi Arabia and three sites outside the country. In particular, we believe that such site as the Olyan Group, Guardian Jobs, Careers in Finance, National Commercial Bank, Top USA Jobs, and Financial Analyst (n. p.). After an in-depth analysis of those six websites, we have chosen the following three websites: the Olayan Group, National Commercial Bank, and Goodman Company. We have sorted out these three websites because they provide us with important information about the leading companies in Saudi Arabia and about the basic challenges and difficulties that a young specialist might face while entering the professional terrain of finance. Hence, we have decided to consider the Olalyan Group because this company is represented at the International level and, therefore, it has respectable partners offshore. The website provides sufficient information about opportunities, goals, and missions that meet our requirements. We believe that this organization can provide excellent perspective for personal growth and development. The second website infuses information ab out the major Bank in Saudi Arabia where it is possible to find its private policies and strategies. Our group strives to examine job opportunities offered by this bank. The members are confident that this banking establishment can ensure good professional perspectives. What is more important is that gaining a job in this bank allows to stay at Saudi Arabia and to develop our knowledge and experience in the sphere of banking and finance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web Quest of Employee Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, the third site has been chosen for inquiring more information about the major principles and scope of professions in finance. The article presented on the site outlines the main goals and mission of the company in the sphere of financial analysis and accounting. The analysis for the Companies’ Websites The Olayan Group The site presents official information about the I nternational Company called the Olayan Group, a multinational enterprise composed of 50 companies that are engaged in manufacturing, distribution, investment, and services (The Olayan Group n. d.). The subsidiary in Saudi Arabia participates in the activities of over 40 companies and establishes multinational relationships. At the international level, the company provides global investments. Judging from the presented information, we believe that the position obtained in this company is a real treasure because an employee is presented with a wide range of professional opportunities that Olayan Company provides it, for example working in consumer product manufacturing, financial and investment services, project management, real estate and property management and supply chain management. Exploring the world market and conceiving the basics of a successful business. Besides, due to the fact that the company carries out global business operations, a position of a financial analyst is a real dream job for use. When we clicked the search button, we managed to read the information about latest opportunities for seekers in the sphere of finance and investment, such as a possibility for self-realization and development in the sphere of foreign relations and financial analysis. National Commercial Bank We have been attracted by the website page because it has displayed information news about the National Commercial Bank, including their logo and objectives (NCB n. p.). The web site is well-organized and offers such categories for inquiries as Personal Banking, Wealth and Asset Management, Business Banking and Private Banking. When we clicked the career page, we have managed to see the list of current professional opportunities, such as a number of vacant workplace connected to the sphere of financial analysis. The page also contained the space where could insert our email and apply for a job. The website is very easy to explore because it contains a lot of links and cat egories.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from registering, the site provides some Job Search sections where an applicant will help a possibility to find an appropriate position in accordance with posted date, job location, and other preferences. It also provides information about student training. There is a section where the viewers can read about various programs and courses for their employees. Goodman Company The website is created not only for finding valuable facts about the scope of the profession (Accounting for Your Future n. p.). It also allows specialists to search for the best positions in this field. What is more important is that the site provides an algorithm of becoming an outstanding financial analyst. In particular, it informs about the main opportunities the company could provide and steps to be taken for becoming a great financial analyst. Therefore, this site is very helpful for those who have just graduated from a college or university. Young specialists can find much information about career p lanning and the key components of successful career promotions. Conclusion Summing up, our group has considerably benefited from the webquest because it has managed to find a lot of valuable information related to our dream jobs. We also believe that our search can contribute to our faster application for our dream positions and deeper explorations of the major professional challenges. More importantly, our group has now far clearer understanding what a dream job is. Although our purposes and goals are a bit diverse, we have still enjoyed browsing the Internet and searching for the most prestigious companies and job positions. In addition, each member of the group has now clearer ideas about their professional preferences and goals in life. Finally, we believe that the sites selected by us will enrich our experience and narrow our requirement for our dream jobs. The webquest has provided us with valuable experience and knowledge about recent trends in promoting careers in the sphere of financial analysis. In the process of searching for company’s website we have also found various possibilities for self-development. While analyzing the chosen sites, we have found that there are a great number of opportunities for online application and checking you professional skills at home, in front of you monitor. Therefore, if we work as financial analysts in the above-presented companies, we could provide work at the international level and gain experience while communicating with other international partners. Bibliography Finance Jobs. Guardian Jobs.Web. Accounting for Your Future. Goodman Company. 2010. Web. NCB. AlAhli.com. 2010.Web. The Olayan Group. Olayan. A Diversified Multinational Enterprise.n. d. Web. Top USA Jobs. Financial Analysts Jobs. Web. Welcome to Careers-in-Finance.com. Careers-in-Finance. Web. This essay on Web Quest of Employee Business was written and submitted by user Crosby Osborne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Moving Through Change essays

Moving Through Change essays Common people have been through many changes in history such as technological change, economic change, and political change. Common people define history as a period of change. Technology will always change history for the common people as time goes on. Technological advancements in medicine have contributed to change. Many diseases such as smallpox, measles, cholera, plague and influenza were fatal. The changes in technology have made these fatal diseases disappear. For example, the invention of penicillin and a better understanding of microbiology have advanced Western medicine and public health that tackled these fatal diseases around the world. Millions of people hoped that the new drugs and medical technologies would give them better health and longer lives. Since the technological changes have been around the population in the around the world has increased drastically. For example the new generations can expect to live twenty years longer than their parents generation and newborns could live their lives all the way through the entire twenty- first century. This is why I believe that the common people define history as a period of change. Economic change will also change history for the common people as time goes on. Communication and business cross national boundaries; global politics are increasingly driven by global economics. For example as economics change through time new markets and economic technologies begin to transform peoples lives around the world. People born today, are born into a world which has been fundamentally transformed by economic change. Millions of people can now obtain a level of affluence once reserved for the privileged few, and their futures will depend less on individual effort and creativity. This is why I believe that the common people define history as a period of change. ...

Ringers Solution Recipe

Ringers Solution Recipe Ringers solution is a special salt solution made up to be isotonic to physiological pH. It is named for Sydney Ringer, who determined that the liquid around a frogs heart must contain a set proportion of salts if the heart is to remain to beat (1882 -1885). There are different recipes for Ringers solution, depending on its intended purpose and the organism. Ringers solution is an aqueous solution of sodium, potassium and calcium salts. Lactated Ringers solution (LR, LRS or RL) is a special Ringers solution that contains lactate and is isotonic to human blood. Here are some recipes for Ringers solution. Ringers Solution pH 7.3-7.4 7.2 g sodium chloride - NaCl0.37 g potassium chloride - KCl0.17 g calcium chloride - CaCl2 Dissolve the reagents into the reagent-grade water.Add water to bring the final volume to 1 L.Adjust the pH to 7.3-7.4.Filter the solution through a 0.22-ÃŽ ¼m filter.Autoclave Ringers solution prior to use. Emergency Veterinary Ringers Solution This solution is intended for rehydration of small mammals, to be administered orally or subcutaneously via a syringe. This particular recipe is one that can be prepared using common chemicals and household equipment. Reagent-grade chemicals and an autoclave would be preferable if you have access to those, but this gives you an idea of an alternate method of preparing a sterile solution: 9.0 g sodium chloride - NaCl (154.00 mM): non-iodized table salt0.4 g potassium chloride - KCl (5.64 mM): Morton or NOW salt substitute0.2 - 0.3 g calcium chloride - CaCl2 (2.16 mM): calcium chloride powder1.3 g dextrose (11.10 mM): granular dextrose0.2 g sodium bicarbonate - NaHCO3 (2.38 mM): baking soda  (*add last) Mix together the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and dextrose solutions or salts.If salts were used, dissolve them in about 800 ml of distilled or reverse osmosis water (not tap water or spring water or water to which minerals have been added).Mix in the baking soda. The baking soda is added last so that the calcium chloride will dissolve/not precipitate out of solution.Dilute the solution to make 1 L of Ringers solution.Seal the solution in small canning jars and cook it at least 20 minutes in a pressurized steam canner.The sterile solution is good for 2-3 years unopened or up to 1 week refrigerated, once opened. Reference:   Biological Bulletin Compendia,  Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

Taxi of the dark side Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Taxi of the dark side - Movie Review Example The movie in this particular case is Taxi on the Dark Side. This is a movie, which points out some of the inhuman acts, which are carried out against the Afghan nationals. These acts are in most cases perpetrated by the troops who are on missions in the country. The central theme here is the torture of an Afghan vehicle driver who is tortured and beaten to an extent that he ends up dying while he is in detention. The activities that are highlighted in the movie can be explained in some theories for the purpose of pointing out the intricacies that come into play. The one theory, which is highlighted here, is the Magic Bullet Theory. Initially, it was believed that the media was an important tool, which would bring about positive changes in the society. This is one belief, which was particularly upheld before the new millennium. This theory especially had significant influence during the World Wars. There were several movies and depictions made for the purpose of elucidating people on the happenings at that time. The mode through which the information was communicated was done in such a way that people were very receptive of the message. The one thing which is of the essence to note with regards to this theory is that it is majorly reliant on assumptions as opposed to scientific facts. The assumptions in this case are that the mind of the human person is not reliant on the findings that are established from research. In relation to the theory, the media has taken significant advantage of the fact that people may not want to dig deep for the purpose of finding out the truth about a particular phenomenon. Instead, the people will be receptive of whatever is presented to them by the media instruments. However, in the recent times, the notion that the media may be a tool that brings about change in the society is something, which does not hold anymore. This is something, which is once again pointed out by the happenings on the ground in a country like Afghanistan. Th e atrocities which are carried out against the local inhabitants is within the know of the media personnel. For example, the issue of torture, which is depicted in the movie, may end up going without getting addressed. There is very little which has been done especially with regards to making follow-ups of the various cases that emanate. Also, in as much as these issues are brought to the knowledge of the relevant authorities, very little can be seen with regards to addressing the problems at hand. There have been several cases, which have been brought forth, even to the United States Government. However, it seems that the right measures are not put in place especially in alleviating the situation on the ground. The punitive action, which is also prescribed for the perpetrators, does not seem to be highlighted. If they happen to be brought to the public eye, in most cases these punitive actions seem to be things which can easily be left to slip. These happenings clearly point out th at the impact, which the media initially had, has been watered down to an extent that people can be left suffering while nothing is done. The individuals in the armed forces continue carrying out their activities on other helpless people without showing signs of changing behavior. The other theory,

Assessing Benchmarking Efforts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assessing Benchmarking Efforts - Coursework Example Benchmarking enables companies to identify the most successful strategies used by other similar companies, and then adopt appropriate strategies and measures to make their own programs more resourceful (Hinton et.al 2000, p. 53). For purposes of this study, we will examine the benchmarking initiatives adopted Xerox, one of the worlds top copier companies, through its Leadership through Quality program. We will consequently discusses the concept of benchmarking and its implementation in various processes including a customer satisfaction at Xerox and explore how the company presently uses benchmarks to align with international standards and lastly highlight the extent to which the existing benchmarks align with existing organizational goals. For Xerox Company, benchmarking came from a susceptible competitive crisis form Japanese and U.S competitors. According to analysts, the management failed to present the company a strategic trend. Xerox’s operating cost (and as a result, the prices of its products) was high and its products were of comparatively lesser quality compared to its competitors. The company suffered from its very centralized decision-making processes as well and because of this, return on assets dropped significantly to less than 8% and the copiers’ market share dropped sharply. The CEO David Kearns began emphasizing cutting of manufacturing costs and gave a new quality control by launching the Leadership Through Quality.’ Through this quality program, Xerox executed the benchmarking program. These incentives played a fundamental role in pulling the company out of crisis in future. Xerox even developed to become one of the greatest examples of the successful benchmarking implementation (McNair and Leibfried 1992, p.20). Xerox initiated a Customer Satisfaction Measurement System that incorporates customer research and benchmarking

Theme of outsiders Essay Example for Free

Theme of outsiders Essay Probably the first indication of the theme of outsiders is the arrival of heathcliff to Wuthering heights as a child. Old Mr. Earnshaw returns to his family from a trip to Liverpool with the child as a gift from god but the more liked observation is the childrens remark of him as a gipsy brat and a dirty ragged black-haired child. Catherine and Hindley immediately dislike the outsider mainly because the presents which their father had promised had been either crushed or lost on the way home . Mrs. earshaw too is appalled at the idea of having to feed him and clothe him as well. He is considered an outsider more than any other character in the novel because, well because he is! , metaphorically and literally. He is then reduced to the status of a servant or in other words he has been turned into a pariah-an outcast, when Earnshaw died and passed Wuthering heights to Hindley. He drove him from their company to the servants, depriving him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead. When heathcliff and Cathy were caught at Thrushcross Grange , laughing at the lintons they were both considered social outsiders to Thrushcross Grange, even though Cathy isnt, they two together were because they were foreigners. The residents launched a bull dog at the pair which is the ultimate sign of unwelcomeness and inhospitability. Heathcliff was accused of being a theif almost instantaneously for the way he looks, which was an out-and-outer. The role of the outsider should not be overlooked because the setting of Wuthering Heights is one of complete isolation. The moors connecting Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange serve a double purpose linking the two households while still separating them from the village and all others. This isolated setting is important for Brontes combination of realism and gothic symbolism. Living beyond the bounds of society means that the outsider, whoever it may be is seen as a suspicious and threatening entity, someone who has to be excluded or isolated for the good of the society at . this is an example of how the outsider has now become the enemy and a threat to society and yet still occupies a position of vulnerability. Isolation is a concept of utter importance in all gothic novels and is closely linked to the idea of the outsider. This is very easy to see in novels such as Dracula with the secluded castle on the mountain tops or Frankenstein in the far end of the arctic. And so Bronte is actually forced to use this symbolism and create a desolate world for her characters . This is also an indication of how Bronte was brought up, in Emilys whole life the only places she favoured to go to were her the moors and her home, Emilys isolation and unsociability also affected her story. The setting of the novel is only limited to two dwellings Wuthering heights and Thrushcross grange and moors around them and the only nearby village is gimmerton which is rather far from both dwellings. Lockwoods first impression of the place is in all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society this indicates the extent to which Wuthering heights stands alone and isolated this is somewhat symbolic for it distances the cruel, barbarous and bizarrely excessive events from everyday life. It also shows the helplessness of the victims of these events and their defenselessness since it is very difficult to get help. One of the most outspoken and clearly proving-its-existence quotes is we dont in general take to foreigners here, Mr. Lockwood, unless they take to us first this shows that outsiders are definitely unwelcomed guests and are only to be approved of after they can be trusted and even after they have been taken into guardianship (for example young Heathcliff, Hareton and Linton) they can still be prejudiced and treated infernally. The second example of an outsider in Wuthering heights (after Heathcliff) is of course Isabella linton she has been taken out of her home at thrushcross grange and moved to the outsider status in Wuthering heights she writes (to nelly dean) youll not be surprised ,Ellen, at my feeling particularly cheerless, seated in worse than solitude, on that inhospitable hearth . Isabella also becomes an outsider to her own brother, Edgar as soon as she elopes with Heathcliff and bears his child. She is left homeless since the residents of her new home treat her as an unwelcomed guest and her brother wont take to her either Hereafter she is only my sister in name; not because I disown her, but because she has disowned me. . This can be seen from another point of view, Isabella has become an outsider simpy because she has married one. The third and final example is of course, Hareton linton he has been born into a house lacking of love or any feeling to nurture him into growing up into a healthy young man, but he is then introduced to Catherine who rather tames him in a way and bringing his illiterate, ignorant self to an end. He is turned into an outsider ever since he was taken under Heathcliffs care, or in this case lack of it. Heathcliff degrades hareton and puts him into the same treatment he has been through (which led him to become an outsider in the past). Hareton lacked education and gentleness and in one instance Heathcliff had to remind him how to act when catherine first visited Dont use any bad words; and dont stare, when the young lady is not looking at you, and be ready to turn your face when she is. The theme of outsiders is also existant in the color purple in many characters. First and foremost Celie she is an outsider in every aspect. When she is at home with her pa being raped and enslaved into working hard and still keeping quite and not fight back whatever happens to her. She is also an outsider to her own self she does not know who she is (I am) and does not understand her body, she becomes an outsider to her 2 children and does not get to know them and hence they become outsiders. Mr____ tries to define her being you black, you pore, you ugly, you a woman. Goddam, you nothing at all but fails since his description is merely superficial but still has a big affect on celies development. Another social outsider in the color purple is of course Shug Avery, in the beginning of the novel she was discriminated against for being well, a slut, hussy, heifer and street cleaner of course people did not consider that as a life choice because of the platitude people at that time had for the role of women especially black women. When Shug Avery became sick nobody in this town wants to take the Queen Honeybee in. Everyone is afraid of her because they believe that Shug has the nasty woman disease. The olinka people are made to be outsiders to the whites that own the land, but have very different lifestyle which cause them to be unwanted. Tashi did not want to marry Adam because she feared she would be discriminated against in America because of the different way she looks and because she is an outsider again both metaphorically and literally.

Autism :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"Many years ago, I watched a young boy rock back and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I tried to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to play with me, but he kept staring at the puzzle while I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, but he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy {my brother} was autistic,† says Tamara Robinson in an interview.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Autism is â€Å"a syndrome of childhood characterized by a lack of social relationship, a lack of communication abilities, persistent compulsive, rituals, and resistance to change† (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professionals have tried to understand autism and its origin. The above example shows only a few examples of autistic behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of autism extends, as far back as the late sixteenth century; however, during that time it was not identified as this illness. Here is a statement from before the discovery of the illness: In 1799, a boy about eleven years of age was found naked in the woods of Averyron, France. He was dirty, covered with sores, mute, and behaved like A wild animal. Jean Itard, the physician of the new institution for deaf-mutes, Was given charge of the abandoned child. From Itard’s description, Victor Showed many features of autism—he did not look at people and never Played with the toys, but showed remarkable memory in recalling the position Of objects in his room and resisted any change of these objects. (Paluszny 2) In attempt to educate Victor, Itard used a glass of water as a form of encouragement, but he continued to remain silent and never spoke any words. It was not until 1943 that the label â€Å"autism† was used by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to describe the symptoms. â€Å"The term autism derives from auto, the Greek word for self,† (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a â€Å"unique form of schizophrenia† (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later determined that even though some of the characteristics of schizophrenia and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive study of a confusing syndrome.

Drama Coursework †Response Phase Essay

As part of our drama course we are studying the play â€Å"blood brothers† by Willy Russell. Blood Brothers is about twins who were separated at birth because their mother could not afford to keep both. As they grow up they meet, become friends and eventually blood brothers. However they both fall in love with the same girl and this conflict ultimately leads to their tragic deaths. First we read the play blood brothers as a class, then our teacher, Mrs O— asked us to choose and then act out three or four scenes which we, as a group thought were most important. In my group were S—, G— and N—. The first scene we chose was when Mr Lyons asks Mrs Johnston to give away one of her babies, we thought this was a crucial moment in the play because in this scene we see how the brothers first got separated. We also see the differences between the middle and the working class people, which was important as it is a main theme in the play. I was playing Mrs Lyons and N— was playing Mrs Johnston. We started our performance with a freeze frame; our freeze frame was useful as it showed the audience what scene we are going to perform. Nicola, playing Mrs Johnston was looking down holding her stomach as if she was pregnant. I was standing on her side holding a bible pushing it towards her. We wanted to show the part where Mrs Lyons was asking Mrs Johnson to make a binding agreement, we used facial expressions to show which characters we were trying to portray. As I was Mrs Lyons, I stood with a smug arrogant look to show that I was the wealthy one, while N— was looking sad, worried and a little scared. Our role-play started with Mrs Johnston working and Mrs Lyons coming in to see how she was doing. As Mrs Lyons I spoke with a posh accent boasting about how big my house is and looking down at N—-. We used thought tracking to get inside the characters mind and see what they are really thinking. When N—- was telling me about how she can stop getting pregnant and I can’t have any babies thought tracking was useful as I got to show the audience how I was actually jealous and thought that the babies would be better off with me. We also used it to show that N— did not like Mrs Johnston showing off and thinking she was better then her. After the visit to the doctors, N—- acted like she was nervous and panicking that the welfare will come and take her children away and worried about how she would cope with two more babies. At this point I used thought tracking to hint to the audience that I was thinking about asking for a baby. When I did ask for a baby I started to act more mean and scary grabbing hold of N—- and begging her to give me a child to show how desperate Mrs Lyons was to have a baby. N—- used thought tracking to show the audience that she was thinking about agreeing to give me a baby and also to show that she was a little scared of me. I was shouting at her doing all I could to make her agree and getting a bible and forcing her to make a binding agreement. We also used hot seating in our performance; this helped the audience to get to know more about the characters. Our teacher, Mrs O— first asked us questions and we had to answer staying in character. The audience got to know about how N—-‘s husband left her and how she has to look after all the kids by herself. We also used it to show that she was considering giving a child a baby to Mrs Lyons, as she could not afford to have any more kids. The hot seating helped me show how Mrs Lyons’ evil side and how she did not care if it was wrong all she wanted was a child and she does not care how she gets it. For our second scene we choose the part when the brothers meet for the first time. This we thought was another key scene as it shows how they meet and become blood brothers, not knowing that they were actually real bothers. G— was playing Edward and S— was playing Mickey. In this scene we see how better off the rich one, Edward is that Mrs Lyons is looking after him. The freeze frame for this scene was when the two boys were crossing fingers and Mrs Lyons in the background. We made it clear what scene they were going to perform was when they first meet because it was the part when they became blood brothers. They were both smiling and happy to have made a new friend while Mrs Lyons stood in the background with her arms crossed looking angrily at the two of them. We added a bit of comedy to this part because they are seven year olds and we wanted to show that. Shikira was sitting on her own making funny gun noises looking very scruffy and G—- walks in acting very posh. When S— taught him swear words he was shocked and amazed at all the â€Å"smashing† things that S— says. We used thought tracking to show how G— had never meet a boy like him but actually liked him. The hot seating gave the audience a chance to see that G—- has not got a lot of friends as they all bully him but not S—-. They audience also got to see that S—- never meet a posh boy like him but they became friends. In the second group were K—, M—, M— and B—-. The first scene they done was when Mrs Johnston gives one of her babies away to Mrs Lyons. K—- was playing Mrs Johnston and M— was playing Mrs Lyons. Their freeze frame was of K—- down on her knees scrubbing the floor and M—- crossing her arms looking down at her. It was obvious what scene they were going to do and what characters they were playing by using body positions and facial expressions. M—- looking arrogant and like a snob and showing how she thinks she is above K—– just because she is richer. Their performance was very well organised and they all knew what they were doing. M—- was very good at acting arrogant and as K—– cleans she was looking down at her and used good thought tracking to show how she felt. K—– did well as Mrs Johnston acting like she is happy to work for her but suing thought tracking show that she secretly did not like Mrs Lyons and that created tension between the two of them. I thought that they lacked thought tracking as the play went on and could have added more towards the end of their performance. Their use of hot seating was good; although I thought when they answered they could have gone into more detail and let the audience find out more about their characters. From the hot seating we learnt that M—– does not think its wrong to take K—-‘s baby and that K—- has no money to look after any more children. I thought that M—– could have improved her performance by added more thought tracking and speaking louder but I thought she did well at showing she was Mrs Lyons by the way that she spoke and her attitude towards K—–. K—– acted confidently, and used good thought tracking to show what she was thinking at the start of the play. She would have improved her performance by adding more detail to her answers in the hot seating and more thought tracking at the end of their performance. In the third group were G—-, T—–, S—- and T——. One of the scenes they acted out was the last scene; this is an important scene in the play because it was when Mickey finds out about Linda’s affair with Edward. Mrs Johnston’s secret deal with Mrs Lyons is also reviled and both brothers end up dead. T—– played Mickey, C—— was Edward and Grace played Mrs Johnston. Their freeze frame was off the end of the play when Mickey and Edward were dead. T—– and C—- were lying down on the floor dead and G—- was standing over them. They did well to show the tragic ending of the play and g—— used good facial expressions to show that she was shocked and upset at what had just happened. She stood with her head slight down and looked like she was crying out in disbelief. They stared with Mickey who was played by T—— going crazy wandering around the stage looking for the pills. She used thought tracking to tell the audience what she was looking for and how she angry she felt that she did not have them. When she found out about Linda and Edward’s affair she acted good and confidently showing how angry and frustrated she was. She used thought tracking telling the audience how she was thinking out killing him when she went to get the gun before storming out to find Edward. C—– playing Edward was doing his job making a speech acting normal when suddenly T—— barges in pointing a gun in his face. The use of hot seating at this moment let the audience know how scared Edward was and how T——- was not thinking straight and how she was just angry. I thought that this group also could have spoken in more detail to explain to the audience how they feel. At this moment G—— runs in trying to stop T——. She used thought tracking to say how she was thinking of telling them the truth. G—– trying to stop Mickey shouts out to not to kill Edward because they are brothers. But this just makes T—- even more angry thinking that he could have ended up like C———- with a good job and a great life. G—- in a final attempt to stop Mickey pushes his hand but the gun shoot and kills Edward. The police then shoot T—— and she falls to the floor, leaving G—– in crying in shock. I thought that in this part they could have been more organised and put more thought tracking in but all in all they had a great performance.

Life of a Military Child Essay

It is often stated that soldiers who fight for our country make several sacrifices. While many have made the ultimate sacrifice, there are many more people who are affected by their service than just themselves. Children that belong to parents that have served or have parents currently serving are forced to overcome many obstacles. Not only are they forced to spend large amounts of time separated from their parent/parents, but they are forced to also move and adjust to unexpected changes frequently with no warning. Whether it is ever made known or not, when a solider enlists into any branch of the military, their family enlists as well, and just as they make a sacrifice so does their children. They often sacrifice time bonding with their parents, convenience of stability, and sometimes their wants and needs. Children that belong to a parent that have served or parents that are serving are forced to overcome many obstacles. Military children must adjust to a new life when their parents are away. Sometimes it’s their mother, sometimes it’s their father, but there are many cases where there are both parents away at the same time. The children are separated for various reasons to include their parents going to the field for weeks at a time, and sometimes they are sent overseas on dangerous deployments for up to 15 months at a time. Those children spend a great deal of days and nights worrying and wishing they could see and spend time with their parents. Soldiers are also sometimes sent on hardship permanent changes of station where they aren’t allowed to take their family members for up to 1 year. Almost daily military children are forced to wake up early and go to bed late because their parents work from 6:30 in the morning to after 5:00 in the evening. Military children are also forced to move around a lot. A soldier can receive orders to relocate within a 3 to 6 month window of reporting. Many times they do not have an option so they can be sent anywhere in the world. They could go from the east coast to the west coast or even overseas to Germany or Japan. When soldiers receive their PCS (Permanent Change of Station) Orders, the children are usually uprooted, and they may have to frequently adjust to new people and schools. Because these changes can occur every 2 to 3 years, many times the children are greatly affected because they have to make new friends everywhere they go only to possibly leave those friends and lose contact when the next orders are released. Although military children endure many changes throughout their parents’ time in the service they have many positive attributes because of those constant changes. Most military children are very flexible and adjust very well to change. They are also very well rounded and are usually more outgoing because they meet new people very frequently. What can also sometimes happen however is that they can have separation anxiety and possibly get into more trouble because of the constant changes. Many times the situation can go either way. It is always up to the parent however to do everything that they possibly can to make the child’s life as comfortable as possible and to keep an open relationship when dealing with the affects of being a military child. Although military children sometimes endure a great amount of transitions they have proven to be very successful in life regardless of their childhoods and they usually look back and appreciate their time spent in many different locations.

Summary of The Port Huron Statement †Humanities Essay (100 Level Course)

Summary of The Port Huron Statement – Humanities Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Summary of â€Å"The Port Huron Statement† Humanities Essay (100 Level Course) The first passage, an agenda for a generation, begins with the author diving into an explanation that we as children of the United States grew up into the best and most comfortable world. We began to look on to the rest of our world with a bitter taste and in so our complacency grew. Even so, our ignorance could not be sustained forever, and things like the cold war and the atom bomb shattered our perfect worlds. Because of our nature and our societal comforts many of us chose to respond to these harsh realities by ignoring them directly and focusing more on the our own consciousness of these realities. â€Å"While these and other problems either directly oppressed us or rankled our consciences and became our own subjective concerns, we began to see complicated and disturbing paradoxes in our surrounding America. Because we are the upper class, the ones who seem capable of causing change we feel responsibility and burden to, yet â€Å"the message of our society is that there is no viable alternative to the present†. All classes fear the loss of control in our general world but the upper classes feel it to a greater extent because they not only feel the responsibility, but they also have more to loose if stability in America was lost. â€Å"Men have unrealized potential for self evaluation, self direction, self understanding, and creativity†. It is those who realize this potential that take on the burden of responsibility towards the state of their society. The author then begins to talk of brotherhood and man’s relation to his fellow man and how it is vital to survival. â€Å"Human interdependence is contemporary fact; human brotherhood must be willed, however, as a condition of future survival and as the most appropriate form of social relations†. In establishing brotherhood we are kept in check with the interests of our peers and other members of our society. It keeps those from become too involved in the materialistic needs of the individual and the individual’s desire for power. In an ideal democracy all members of a community would be involved in working towards the interest of the mass of that community, neglecting no one and no class. The economic system ideally is similar in that it works to involve all individuals in the best interest of the majority. Some Americans are content in their un reflective consciousness, choosing to believe that life is good, but if it changes there is not much they can do to change it. It is mostly the older upper class that feel this way, as much of their time is gone and they have little of their lives ahead of them. It is now the American students who are doing the most and taking on the most responsibility towards change in their nation. Because many of the youth are enrolled in Universities, they are learning of their nation and its problems. Because students are the younger generation, they feel the responsibility to govern and change their inherited world, as it is theirs to maintain for the rest of their lives. â€Å"The significance is in the fact that the students are breaking the crust of apathy and overcoming the inner alienation that remain the defining characteristics of American college life†. The apathy is a product of social institutions, and part of the student’s resist ance to it is a result of it being a product created for them. In reality, the function of universities in the students life is not to teach students of the injustices, but is to implant the information and methods necessary for those students to have a decent and comfortable life in their later years. In the society beyond student life the author believes that people are scared and feel the instability that is the real world, pressuring themselves into jobs they do not like and lifestyles they would not have chosen because of the underlying fear of poverty and uncomfortable living. Many feel the burden of mankind’s problems is to great and that they could not play a significant role in solving any of it’s problems. â€Å"The apathy here is, first subjective – the felt powerlessness or ordinary people, the resignation before the enormity of events. But subjective apathy is encouraged by the objective American situation†. Man is contradicting himself in being choosing to ignore the problems of his society, all the while thinking and pondering about them. The author believes that change can be achieved as the civil rights movement was based on justice, and achieved â€Å"a passage out of apathy†. One of the problems causing Americans to resist the d esire to become active in calling for change is that in many instances there is no one or no specific thing to completely rise and resist against. Some of the problems of America are more intricate and difficult to untwist, making the masses useless in changing it. â€Å"Central to any analysis of the potential for change must be an appraisal of organized labor†. When ones problems are on a personal level for a great deal of individuals it is easier to call for change, but when those issues do not play a giant part in the life of the individual it is harder to find support in changing it. â€Å"Labor should be formed to run against big city regimes on such issues as peace, civil rights, and urban needs†. Much of the burden for change lies in the role of the university, and in order to make it effective, the students and faculty must share common interests and the education must arm to students with tools that will come into play in helping them defend and seek betterme nt of their lives and the lives of the mass body of people. Research Papers on Summary of â€Å"The Port Huron Statement† - Humanities Essay (100 Level Course)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHip-Hop is ArtAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

How Salt Melts Ice and Prevents Water From Freezing

How Salt Melts Ice and Prevents Water From Freezing Salt melts ice essentially because adding salt lowers the freezing point of the water. How does this melt ice? Well, it doesnt, unless there is a little water available with the ice. The good news is you dont need a pool of water to achieve the effect. Ice typically is coated with a thin film of liquid water, which is all it takes. Pure water freezes at 32 °F (0 °C). Water with salt (or any other substance in it) will freeze at some lower temperature. Just how low this temperature will be depends on the de-icing agent. If you put salt on ice in a situation where the temperature will never get up to the new freezing point of the salt-water solution, you wont see any benefit. For example, tossing table salt (sodium chloride) onto ice when its 0 °F wont do anything more than coat the ice with a layer of salt. On the other hand, if you put the same salt on ice at 15 °F, the salt will be able to prevent melting ice from re-freezing. Magnesium chloride works down to 5 °F while calcium chloride works down to -20 °F. Key Takeaways: How Salt Melts Ice Salt melts ice and helps keep water from re-freezing by lowering the freezing point of water. This phenomenon is called freezing point depression.Salt only helps if there is a little bit of liquid water available. The salt has to dissolve into its ions in order to work.Different types of salt are used as de-icing agents. The more particles (ions) formed when a salt dissolves, the more it lowers freezing point. How It Works Salt (NaCl) dissolves into its ions in water, Na and Cl-.  The ions diffuse throughout the water and block the water molecules from getting close enough together and in the right orientation to organize into the solid form (ice). Ice absorbs energy from its surroundings to undergo the phase transition from solid to liquid. This could cause pure water to re-freeze, but the salt in the water prevents it from turning into ice. However, the water gets colder than it was. The temperature can drop below the freezing point of pure water. Adding any impurity to a liquid lowers its freezing point. The nature of the compound does not matter, but the number of particles it breaks into in the liquid is important. The more particles that are produced, the greater the freezing point depression. So, dissolving sugar in water also lowers the freezing point of water. Sugar simply dissolves into single sugar molecules, so its effect on freezing point is less than you would get adding an equal amount of salt, which breaks into two particles. Salts that break into more particles, like magnesium chloride (MgCl2) have an even greater effect on freezing point. Magnesium chloride dissolves into three ions one magnesium cation and two chloride anions. On the flip side, adding a tiny amount of insoluble particulates can actually help water freeze at a higher temperature. While there is a bit of freezing point depression, its localized near the particles. The particles act as nucleation sites that allow for ice formation. This is the premise behind the formation of snowflakes in clouds and how ski resorts make snow when its slightly warming than freezing. Use Salt to Melt Ice - Activities You can demonstrate the effect of freezing point depression yourself, even if you dont have an icy sidewalk handy. One way is to make your own ice cream in a baggie, where adding salt to water produces a mixture so cold it can freeze your treat.If you just want to see an example of how cold ice plus salt can get, mix 33 ounces of salt with 100 ounces of crushed ice or snow. Be careful! The mixture will be about -6 °F (-21 °C), which is cold enough to give you frostbite if you hold it too long.Gain a better understanding of freezing point depression by examining the effect of dissolving different substances in water and noting the temperature required to freeze it. Good examples of substances to compare are table salt (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, and sugar. See if you can dissolve equal masses of each substance in the water in order to get a fair comparison. Sodium chloride breaks into two ions in water. Calcium chloride forms three ions in water. Sugar dissolves in water, but it doesnt break into any ions. All of these substances will lower the freezing point of water. Take the experiment a step further by exploring boiling point elevation, another colligative property of matter. Adding sugar, salt, or calcium chloride will change the temperature at which water boils. Is the effect measurable?

Assessment and Diagnosis of Venous Leg Ulcer Essay - 2

Assessment and Diagnosis of Venous Leg Ulcer - Essay Example It is thus important to adopt a good follow up plan to facilitate such an obligation. In order to attain this, all stakeholders ought to cooperate at length to facilitate a turnaround. The report is based on a scenario where an 80-year-old is infected with a leg ulcer disease at her lower limp; it comes to our attention that this wasn’t the last time she was exposed to such a disease but had on previous occasions had some success stories which spanned within a period of about three years in counting. While addressing her current condition a number of considerations had to be made while aiming at providing accurate treatment. This is as highlighted below; In the event of being infected with a leg ulcer disease, one ought to go to a qualified medical physician for help. This is due to its ability to affect one's health and could as well go out of hand. While carrying out the diagnosis not all physicians qualify; such assessment can only be carried out by those trained in ulcer management. As a result of a regular encounter with similar cases, some are likely to prescribe the best treatment for this disease. The report, however, tends to look at the necessary procedures to be followed while treating a patient with such a disease. Assessment phase helps while checking on how bad the disease could have gone out of hand thus prescribing the best kind of treatment. While the patient could be portraying certain symptoms such features ought to be compared to those already captured pertain the same disease. This is due to it likely to be related thus could as well help in ensuring a good approach is put to task other than employing trial and e rror method (Sussman & Bates-Jensen, 2007). It is at the Doppler stage that the findings are analyzed at length while checking on how critical the condition could have gone. Several questions are likely to be asked as highlighted.

Adam Smith and Karl Polanyi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adam Smith and Karl Polanyi - Essay Example The basic mechanisms include (a) regulation of market transactions, (b) regulation of market participants, (c) disputes resolution and enforcement actions, and (d) pre-commitment of resources (Polanyi and Karl 34). According to Polanyi and Karl (1944), market economy implies a self-regulating system of markets in which there are various human processes involved. They iclude: technological processes, learning processes and economic processes that involves human activities. Commercial societies, they claim that the free-market system of property rights, freedom of contract, and other liberty rights – the â€Å"negative† right of individuals to peacefully pursue their own ends – is impersonal and dehumanizing, or even inherently divisive and adversarial. While market societies are controlled market (Polanyi and Karl 47). Karl Polanyi remains one of the most cogent critics of neoclassical economics. As an alternative to the market society, he emphasizes the embedded-ness of economic activities and institutions and the historical relativity of economic concept (Polanyi and Karl 35). Karl Polanyi denounced the â€Å"economist prejudice† found in both the market liberalism of Ludwig von Mises and the communism of Karl Marx, Polanyi and Karl (1944). Polanyi drew his own inspiration from Christian social thought and yearned for â€Å"a Christian spirited guild life. He also had an objection to the "ruling economic class", or "the richest 1%", having undue influence on government policies and that this situation reflects a "failure of democratic representation" for the middle and lower classes, or the "other 99% (Polanyi and Karl 47). A self-regulating market demands nothing less than the institutional separation of society into an economic and political sphere. Such a dichotomy is, in effect, merely the restatement, from the point of view of society as a whole, of the existence of a self-regulating market, Polanyi and Karl (1944). It

3D printing lub Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3D printing lub - Research Paper Example Groups face numerous challenges as they seek to achieve their objectives. Some groups lack unity of purpose. A group that is not committed to a common objective cannot achieve its intended goals. According to Argris (2010), such a group may be characterized by low performance because members do not have collective obligations towards achievement of common objectives. 3D printing club’s organizational culture is defined as the behaviors and values that contribute to the unique psychological and social environment of an organization. These include the organization’s experiences, expectations, values and philosophy. These attributes are exhibited in its interactions with the outside life, inner workings, future expectations, and its self-image. They are based on shared customs, attitudes, beliefs, and unwritten and written rules. Organizational culture depends entirely on the structure of the 3D printing organization (Purdue University, 2013). This paper focuses on 3D prin ting organization at Purdue University. 3D printing club aims to push and show Purdue individuals about the plans and practices of an alternate amassing system called three-dimensional printing. The club will offer a dynamic experience with this enhancement. It offers understudy training knowledge on active and administrations that are offered throughout workshops. These include 3-D printing, nimble manufacturing, rapid prototyping, direct advanced assembling, prototyping and other related points and making of completed item (Purdue University, 2013).

Analysis of Tractors and Tractor Engineering Features

Analysis of Tractors and Tractor Engineering Features Which tractor will serve you best? Contrary to popular belief, tractors are used in much more than agricultural work. Tractors are used in mowing, land-clearing, landscaping, construction, excavation, and livestock and industrial applications. Tractors come in 2-wheel drives, equal and unequal 4-wheel drives; with different types of tires and horsepower; and multifunctional attachments. These factors influence the tractors capabilities and price. Classifications of tractors Tractors are classified on the basis of engine power and drive: 2-wheel drive tractors: are best for mowing level fields and traversing long distances. 4-wheel drive tractors: are suitable for attaching loaders, and have the traction to work well on unleveled surfaces. They have a large share in the small and medium-sized tractor market and better resale value. Small range tractors: have an engine of less than 25 hp (horsepower). They work best on lawns. Middle range tractors: have engines of 25-60 hp and perform well in commercial applications, nurseries, and farms. Heavy range tractors: have engines of 65 hp and higher. They are suitable for heavy work such as tilling and baling. Tractors of 200 hp are usually seen in large commercial farms. Important characteristics of tractors The cost and applicability of tractors depends on these characteristics: Tires: Tractors have pneumatic tires (for traction in loose muddy fields), industrial tires (for heavy loading and mowing), and turf tires (for minimizing surface damage). Cabs: Though costly, enclosed cabs protect operators from extreme climates. Air conditioned cabs consume 3-4 hp and are suitable for middle and heavy range tractors only. Transmissions: Tractors can have manual transmission or the more expensive clutch-free hydraulic transmission that uses up some horsepower. Attachments: Tractors can have attachments attached to the back and front such as rakes, spreaders, grapples and harrows. The number and type of attachments is directly proportional to the tractors cost and horsepower. Fuel: Tractors run on unleaded or diesel fuel, or grain. Safety features: Tractors are bulky machines. Lights and flashers provide safety on road. Latest models are equipped with an operator presence switch that turns off the engine in the operators absence. Rollover protection structures (ROP) protect the operator from getting crushed in a rollover accident. Types of tractor attachments Attachments lend greater functionality to tractors. Most attachments use the power of the tractors engine to work through a power take-off (PTO) drive shaft. Common attachments include: Backhoe: for digging precise holes. Mowers: come in various types: rough cut and brush mowers for heavy work finish mowers for detailed work bush mowers to mow acreage side mowers to mow side ditches on roads Box blades: for scraping, leveling or grading soil. Buckets: for moving piles of rocks and soil. Plows and blowers: to move snow. Front-end loader: for leveling, carrying and loading. Services offered by tractor dealers Tractors are expensive and hardy machines that need constant maintenance. While many owners perform routine tasks such as replacing filters, changing oil, and greasing joints, dealers can also offer maintenance contracts for a small fee. In any case, dealers should provide a maintenance manual for the tractor and a basic demo of its functions. Dealers can offer financing options for purchasing tractors as they cost anywhere between $10,000 and $100,000. Attachments also cost a few thousands. A second hand tractor can be purchased at lower cost, but you should ensure it is in working order and comes with at least 1-2 months warranty. Some dealers may also have imported tractors that are sold semi-legally at cheap prices. However, spare parts are a major problem with these tractors and safety features may not meet standards. The dealer should have sufficient workforce to pick and repair your tractor in case of a fault or breakdown. They should have the necessary parts and attachments as and when required. You should compare quotes from multiple vendors before making your choice. Price and after-sale services are equally important.

Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Coursework S

Fortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras' father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actions of Fortinbras as better than his own and the actions of Fortinbras, then, encourage Hamlet to act without hesitating.      Hamlet, after learning that his father's death was a murder and vowing to take revenge, wants to be certain that what he has been told is the absolute truth before he attempts to take revenge on Claudius. Even after Hamlet is sure beyond any shadow of a doubt that Claudius is the murderer, he hesitates to kill him. Fortinbras, on the other hand, has been taking action even before the play begins. As the play opens, the audience learns that Denmark is in a state of alert; the country has been preparing for a war. From Horatio, the audience also learns that the young Fortinbras is getting ready his "lawless resolutes"(I.i.111) for action against Denmark for the killing of his father and for the return of lands previously owned by Norway (I. i. 79-107).   These differences between Hamlet and Fortinbras' actions are further mentioned in Hamlet's last soliloquy (IV. iv. 32-66).    Before the soliloquy begins, Hamlet has been informed by one of Fortinbras' Captains that Norway is preparing to fight Poland over a "little patch of land"(IV.iv.19) and that twenty thousand men are eager to fight for th... ...nts itself. Hamlet is so determined to do something he does not wish to think about the consequences anymore.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bradley, A.C. "Shakespeare's Tragic Period--Hamlet." Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Toronto: MacMillan, 1967. Danson, Lawrence. "Tragic Alphabet." Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York City: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 65-86 Manning, John. "Symbola and Emblemata in Hamlet." New Essays on Hamlet. Ed. Mark Thornton Burnett and John Manning. New York: AMS Press, 1994. 11-18. Rose, Mark. "Reforming the Role." Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York City: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 117-128 Wagner, Valeria. "Losing the Name of Action." New Essays on Hamlet. New York: AMS Press, 1994. 135-152.   

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Characteristics of connective tissues †¢Extracellular matrix separates cells †¢Most widely variable of tissues †¢Many varied functions †¢Common (mesenchyme) origin †¢Degrees of vascularity Functions †¢Binding †¢Suport †¢Protection †¢Insulation †¢Transport Structural Elements †¢Fibers ?Collagen (white) fibres ?Elastin (yellow) fibers ?Reticular fibers †¢Ground substance ?Amorphous material fills space between cells and contains fibers ?Holds fluids ?Acts as molecular sieve ?Consists of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins â€Å"glue†, proteoglycans †¢Cells Each class of connective tissue has a fundamental cell type that exists in an immature and mature form ?Undifferentiated cell gets suffix â€Å"blast† i. e chronoblast, they are actively mitotic, secrete fibers and ground subtance ?Once the cells synthesise the matrix they assume their less active mature mode indicated by suffix â €Å"cyte† i. e. lymphocyte Summary Fibers Ground Substance Cells Collagen Interstitial fluid Immature form â€Å"blast† Elastin Cell adhesion proteins â€Å"glue† Mature form â€Å"cyte† Reticular Proteoglycans Types of connective tissue †¢All consist of cells surrounded by matrix Differences reflect cell type, finer type and the proportion of matrix contributed by fivers †¢These differences determine connective tissue classes and their subgroups ?General (fibrous) connective tissue â€Å"proper† ?Specialised Connective tissues (skeletal – bone and cartilage, adipose, lymphoid, blood) Cells found in ‘Prototype' Connective Tissue †¢FIbroblasts †¢Adipocytes (fat cells) †¢Cells which migrate from blood ?WBC ?Other cells concerned with tissue response to injury Connective Tissue Proper Two subgroups – classification mainly based on finer arrangement and density: †¢Loose CT Areolar ?Reticular †¢Dens e CT ?Dense regular ?Dense irregular Connective Tissue Proper Sub groups Characteristics/Structural elements Loose Areolar Semi fluid Gelatinous ground substance Collagen, elastin, reticular loosely distributed Fibroblasts and macrophages are abundant Occasional adipocytes (fat cells) Widely distributed packing material of body Loose Reticular Matrix contains reticular fibers Reticular fibers form network of reticular cells (fibroblasts) Dense Regular Closely packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts Poorly vascularised (no blood vessels)White, flexible tissue with great tensile strength in one direction Wavy fivers – allow minimal ‘give' until fibbers are straightened Elastic CT has high elastic content i. e. ligaments and tendons Dense Irregular Closely packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts Poorly vascularised (no blood vessels) Collagen bundles are orientated in MANY directions Forms sheets where tension i s exerted in from many directions i. e. dermis of skin, fibrous joint capsules, fibrous capsules of many organs (kidneys, testis, bone, muscles) Blood †¢Classified as a connective tissue †¢Cells in matrix (plasma) Fibers are soluble proteins which only become visible during clotting †¢Functions ?Transport of nutrients (glucose, oxygen) ?Transport of wastes (CO2) ?Transport of gases (oxygen, CO2) ?Hormones Cartilage †¢Somewhere between dense CT and bone †¢Tough but flexible †¢Cartilage cells â€Å"chondro† prefix †¢Ground substance has firmly bound collagen fivers †¢Contains lots of tissue fluid (80% water) †¢No blood vessels or nerves (good for joints) †¢Perichondrium (dense irreg. CT) surrounds most cartilage †¢Growth both interstitial and appositional †¢Types: ?Hyaline ?Elastic ?Fibrocartilage Bone â€Å"Bone† can refer to: Osseous tissue (type of CT) †¢Organs of the body i. e. humerus (consisting of se veral tissue types) Bone as a tissue †¢Bone is connective tissue (osseous tissue) †¢Cells contained in a matrix †¢Matrix is hardened by deposition of calcium salts and other minerals = calcification (mineralisation) Functions of bony skeleton †¢Support †¢Protection †¢Rigid attachment †¢Levers for muscles †¢Blood formation †¢Electrolyte balance †¢Acid base balance †¢Detoxification General features of long bone †¢Compact bone †¢Spongy bone †¢Medullary cavity †¢Diaphysis (shaft) †¢Epiphysis †¢Epiphysis plate/line †¢Articular cartilage †¢Periosteum and endosteum

Pay it forward Essay

I am greatly touched by what the movie shows to me and I also feel so sad for the boy’s pass away at the end. The teacher in this movie not only assign a homework for the students, but also give a chance to the students to think about who they are, how they indentify themselves and what they can do for the whole society. The teacher is an instructor and he instructs his students to begin to consider their role in the society and how to use their actions to influence the world; even they never have such awareness. At the same time, the teacher acts as a link or bridge between Trevor and his mother. Through this social studies assignment, his mother tries to understand her son’s thoughts and his feeling and tries to communicate with the son. Meanwhile, she is also touched by her son’s â€Å"Pay it forward† idea and movement; that’s why she forgives her own mother. In the other hand, Trevor’s mother and his teacher fall in love and get together finally because of Trevor’s help. Therefore, the teacher works like a link to connect the students with their family and open a door for them to communicate with each other; and meanwhile, the teacher is also involved in the relationship between the families he serves. From my elementary school in my country, the parents and the teachers always told us you were the hope of our country and from now on, every one of you should try to be a useful person for society. However, at that time, I didn’t know what a useful person should be. It has to be a famous scientist, a professor or even a president? I didn’t know what the society excepted of me. As I grow up day by day, I understand I was not to be expected as a super great person but to be expected to bring some good change to the world like Trevor’s beings. The good changes may be very little such as throwing different kinds of trashes to specific trash ban; and the changes may be a great and valuable development such as developing a new medicine against lung cancer. It really depends on how this person’s power and abilities, but all of them are valuable and are the society’s expectations from us. For me, I am stronger and have more knowledge than before I was educated, especially on my study areas. The Biochemistry studies of my home country are just developing. Even those industries develop very fast; they still fall behind the United States. That’s why I come here and pursued my master degree at Biochemistry. I hope some day I can go back to home and involve myself to Biology or Biochemistry research areas. After I finished my master degree and worked like a chemist here for more than one year, I have already been in San Francisco for around six years. Through I chatted to lots of my friends here and so many examples I have seen, I found that the early child education here is more systematic, efficient and scientific, which has lots of fundamentals and theories to obey. Therefore, I backed to college again and study for child development as my another professional area. I hope one day, I can bake to my country to help to institute a more safe and health environment for kids and help every kid to develop as a whole child, not only on physical development, but also on mental and emotional development. From the movie, I understand the power of one person is much larger than we expected. Trevor initiate â€Å"Pay it Forward† movement, and he does a favor for three people and ask each of them to doing favors for three other people and so on, which will like a branch tree of good deeds. The movement will be like a relay race, which more and more people will be involved in and will expand more widely. Therefore, we can say one person may have chain change on the world a lot, whatever is a good change or bad change. Don’t miss doing any good thing no matter how insignificant it looks; don’t do any bad thing no matter how insignificant it looks. We don’t have to change the world better by doing really great things. When we help our families, friends or even a stranger as much as we can, we already changed the world better even we normally cannot realize that. For me, I will donate my cloths and old toys to the donation center; I will go to do the volunteer in Book Donation Center to help more people can read books and be educated. However, at most of time, I think we should always think of giving a favor to other people in daily life, not only do some specific things in specific time.

Dissertation Writers

Dissertation Writers Dissertation Writers Planning Tips for Dissertation Writers You have been working hard for some months already, but now you feel that you have to rush through your dissertation because you are extremely short of time? Unfortunately, this situation is familiar to many dissertation writers. The reasons for this misfortune can be numerous, but in many cases they have failed to write their dissertations on time because they did not plan their time in a proper way. When you have just chosen your topic, you may think that you have a lot of time ahead, and it is true. Keeping this idea in mind, many dissertation writers just lose the first very important weeks doing nothing. Even if you do not bumble along and start work, for example you begin gathering evidence for your dissertation, you can easily be trapped. Remember, time flows away very fast. And if you do not prepare a schedule of your dissertation work, even a rough one, then the consequences can be frustrating. If you do not allocate your time, you might devote too much time to some parts of your dissertation and leave others neglected. Well, if you understand the importance of planning, you can do it this way. Take a large sheet of paper and make a draft of your work schedule. Draw your university timetable, and do not forget to mention your social activities, part-time job etc. Then mark out some periods of time from one to two hours that can be devoted to your dissertation. Some hard-working dissertation writers work for hours without having rest, but it is not reasonable because after two hours work your brain will get tired and your work will not be effective. Moreover, planning your work keep in mind when you can work effectively. Can you work early in the morning or late at night? Preparing your table, write down your interim deadlines the way you see them. For example, note by what time you think your methodology should be prepared etc. When you your work schedule is ready, consult your supervisor, ask him whethe r he approves your plan. Many dissertation writers avoid consulting their supervisors, which is a very big mistake. You might have problems if you do not show your work to your supervisor, and it is not very wise to refuse the assistance of your tutor. Well, we are sure that if you make use of these tips, you will be one of those lucky dissertation writers who write their dissertations without problems.